Inadequate vitamin D level: association with low energy fractures of distal radius in young patients and its predictors in Karachi, Pakistan

Background:The objective of the study was to determine association of inadequacy of vitamin D level with low energy fractures of distal radius and its predictors in young patients in Karachi Pakistan. Methods:Cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 young patients, visited hospital with low energy fracture of distal radius.A questionnaire was designed and filled after taking consent includes details regarding age, gender, occupation, area of skin and sun exposure duration, dietary habits, type of clothing and residence used. Serum Vitamin D3 levels were determined and compared with serum calcium levels, serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels.Results:Among 220 patients ranging from 12-45 years, mean 28±23.33SD. Female were 172(78.18%). Mostly have history of fall 127(57.72%)and RTA 63(28.63). Sun exposure duration in majority of participant was 1-2 hour/day 132(60%). Variable coloured clothes used by majority participant 135(61.36%) and variable fabric 102(46.36%). 202(91.8%) patients had deficiency of vitamin D and correlated with duration of sunlight exposure significantly, also with exposure of large skin area, dietary consumption of vitamin D rich food and worn variable clothing colours. Serum phosphorus level and serum alkaline phosphatase level were negatively correlated with vitamin D significantly whereas positively correlated with serum calcium.Conclusions:Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is very high in low energy fracture of distal radius in young populationand sun exposure duration found to be most common predictor of inadequate D levels. A national food fortification program and campaign of public awareness to increase sunlight exposure and increase intake of vitamin D rich food are urgently needed.

To Assess the Frequency of Common Fractures Secondary to Motorcycle Accident in Patients Admitted to the Orthopedic Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Pakistan

Objective: To assess the frequency of common fractures secondary to a bike accident in patients admitted to the orthopedic department of a tertiary care hospital, urban center. Methods: This cross-sectional study embrace 240 patients with the bike out of action for 6-months from September 2017 to March 2018 in Department of Orthopedic Unit I and II, Dow University of Health Sciences/Civil Hospital urban center. Temporary history concerning the time of accident and age of the patients was taken. Examination and relevant X-Rays were done. All the knowledge was noted in proforma. Results: The common age of the patients was 32 years (0.92 ± 7.30). There have been 200 (83.33%) male and 40 (16.67%) female. Out of 240 patients, femoris fracture was found in 68 (28.33%), leg bone fractures 134 (55.83%), there have been 19 (7.92%) arm bone fractures, and radius-ulna fractures were determined in 19 (7.92%). Conclusion: Majority of the accidents are preventable by an academic campaign of the general public, social control of traffic rules, provision of facilities for passengers and upgraded observance system for transportation and drivers. Preventive programs and actions should be launched by policy manufacturers of involved departments and stakeholders at the national level.

General public perceptions and knowledge on tooth bleaching in Riyadh, KSA

Objective: To assess the perceptions and knowledge on tooth bleaching among general public in 5 different areas in Riyadh, KSA

Method: We assessed a population sample of 300 individuals aged between 15 and 65 years old resident in Riyadh region [2016]. We used frequency distribution and Chi-square test to investigate the association between socio-demographic factors and knowledge/use of bleaching products

Results: The sample is consisted of 66.7% of males and 33.3% of females. 83.3% of the respondents reported knowing bleaching products and advertisements seemed to be the most popular source of information [65.2%]. However only 53.1% reported using bleaching products. Most respondents tried using bleaching products at home [86%], while only 9% undergone tooth bleaching treatment in dental clinics. The commonest reason reported for bleaching was to improve esthetics [66.7%]. Data analysis showed that knowledge of bleaching in Riyadh City is not related to gender, nationality, education and occupation [p >0.05]

Conclusion: Large majority of patients were not happy with the appearance of their teeth, the main complaint being the color. Most of the patients knew that bleaching is a treatment option to improve dental aesthetics, and those who knew only half tried the treatment. More efforts are needed by the dental professions

Effect of Coronary Artery Tortuosity on Coronary Hemodynamics Based on Case Study / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the hemodynamic changes in a tortuous coronary to elucidate the effects of tortuosity on coronary perfusion and wall shear stress (WSS). Methods A single tortuous and non-tortuous patient-specific left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery cases were selected. Two LAD models with and without coronary tortuosity were reconstructed in Mimics software and then transferred to the ANSYS Fluent software for performing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The hemodynamic characteristics of both the LAD models were compared. Results The vessel WSS of the tortuous coronary artery clearly decreased in the bend section where the maximum curvature was larger than 1 mm-1.Such a scenario could led to an inadequate blood supply in the downstream vessels. A low WSS (0-26 Pa) acted on the outer wall of the bend, whereas the inner wall of the bend had a high WSS (>100 Pa). The mean WSS of the non-tortuous and tortuous models was 10.79 Pa and 36.12 Pa, respectively. The overall WSS of the tortuous model was larger compared with that of the non-tortuous model. Conclusions Coronary tortuosity increased the overall WSS, which could delay the progress of coronary atherosclerosis.

Negative effects of bisphenol A on testicular functions in albino rats and their abolitions with Tribulus terristeris L

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to find out the ameliorative properties of Tribulus terristeris L (TT) on BPA induced spermatotoxicity in male albino rats. Mature male albino rats were divided into five groups, Group A was taken as control for comparison group, whereas the other four groups namely B(vehicle control), C (toxic), D (preventive control) and Group E (amelioration group) received distilled water, olive oil, BPA, TT, and (TT + BPA) respectively. Macroscopic results revealed decreased body weight of rats, weight of testes, and the relative tissue weight index (RTWI) in BPA induced group. Hormonal (testosterone) assay results revealed the decreased values of BPA treated group. Microscopic examination of testis of BPA treated rats showed reduction in leydig cells, decreased diameter of seminiferous tubules and low values of Johnsen's scoring. Histological examination showed discontinuity and irregularity of basement membrane and sloughing of the germinal cell linage. Group E showed the body weights of rats, weight of testes, RTWI, and increased, while reduced level of testosterone, reduced number of Leydig cells, decreased diameter of seminiferous tubules and low values of Johnsen's scoring were restored near to normal. These results demonstrate that TT might be beneficial in combating the spermatotoxicity, induced by BPA.